During the summer, temperatures in Missouri can become dangerously hot. In July 2022, which was the hottest in a decade, parts of central and southern Missouri reported temperatures in the triple digits. Data shows that climate change will continue to raise temperatures in Missouri, and experts and advocates say that unhoused people are among the most vulnerable to heat-related illnesses.
When people are overexposed to heat, they can experience things like severe dehydration, heat stroke, heat exhaustion – and even death. Among weather-related fatalities, heat consistently accounts for the highest number of deaths. Dr. Chris Sampson, an emergency medicine physician with MU Health Care, said that there are several things people can do to protect themselves from dangerous heat exposure.
“Frequent breaks, getting out of the heat for a short period of time, getting into a cool environment, either a building, even an air conditioned car, getting in the shade,” Sampson said. “And then it’s being prepared. Again, it's making sure you've adequately hydrated before you even leave the house.”
But what happens to the people who don’t have a house, or even a place to stay? A 2017 report from the CDC states that homeless people are more likely to be impacted by heat-related illness. The report also showed that even though cooling centers are a common solution, this strategy doesn’t always account for those who aren’t aware of or can’t get to cooling centers.
“For our unhoused population, this is a risky time, especially if they're outside for prolonged periods,” Sampson said. “If they're unable to get into cool buildings, then sometimes it's just trying to find shady spots or places where the heat is not directly coming down on them.”
It can be a challenge for unhoused people to find information about the hours and locations of cooling centers and to find transportation to and from the cooling centers. In Columbia, advocates say these are just a few factors that might rule out a cooling center for someone who’s unhoused.
Darren Morton is the executive director for Turning Point, a day center for unhoused folks that provides a mailing address, laundry and just a place to cool down and rest. According to him, some cooling centers in the area are unwilling to let unhoused people in.
“Everyone isn't opening their doors, everyone isn't allowing everybody to come in,” Morton said. “Or if they do, they got all these rules and regulations as to what it takes for you to be able to get out of the heat, you know, ‘You can't do this, can't look like this, can't smell like that.’”
And without access to cooling centers, unhoused people often have few options but to find a patch of shade and hope for the best. Cat Armbrust is the director of CoMo Mobile Aid Collective, a local nonprofit that works directly with the unhoused community and meets them where they are. They host a twice weekly medical clinic at Wilkes Blvd. United Methodist Church. Armbrust said that she has seen the impacts of the heat on Columbia’s unhoused community firsthand.
“Probably five or six people that came in either last Monday or Thursday … suffering from heat exhaustion,” Armbrust said. “One person was, I think, throwing up during the entire clinic.”
Armbrust said the medical team tried to get people’s body temperature down with ice packs and rehydrate them with fluids and electrolytes. She said that resources are scarce and concentrated to certain parts of the city, which means that unhoused people who don’t stay near the downtown area can have a hard time finding things like cool shelter and water.
Terry and Karen are an unhoused couple who have been living outside in Columbia for four months. They said that all of the cooling centers are downtown, which is relatively far away from where they are, and the buses that could take them there run limited hours. Because of this, it’s been a struggle for them to find places to cool off this summer.
“I had a heat stroke yesterday,” Karen said. “It was so hot. It was just so doggone hot. And the only resources there are is Stephens Lake, if you want to go swim with moss. I love to swim, so doesn't bother me.”
Karen said that it’s common for her to experience heat stroke, and the last time it happened her husband Terry tried to cool her down by pouring water down her back and neck. She said she carries water on her at all times, and they often sit in the shade to try to get out of the heat. But even sitting on the grass can have consequences of its own.
“I’ve got bug bites like you wouldn’t believe from everywhere from sleeping outside”, Karen said.
And outside of regular business hours, when most cooling centers are open, they said that finding a place to get out of the heat can be nearly impossible.
“Over the weekend, and if it's a holiday … and everything is gonna be shut down, and it's gonna be hot as Hades, you know, find some waters,” Terry said. “Find a tree, battle the ants and the ticks, and you might be alright.”
As for what individuals can do to help, advocates suggest having water or sunscreen in your car that you could give to someone or even giving people a few dollars so they can buy something from a business and sit inside. And if you or someone you know is at immediate risk from heat exposure, call 911.
Cooling centers around Columbia can be found at the following locations:
- Activity & Recreation Center (ARC) at 1701 W. Ash St.
- City Hall at 701 E. Broadway
- Columbia/Boone County Public Health and Human Services at 1005 W. Worley St.
- Columbia Public Library, 100 W. Broadway
- Salvation Army, 1108 W. Ash St.
- Salvation Army Harbor House at 602 N. Ann St.
- St. Francis House at 901 Range Line St.
